OUTSIDE ASSISTANCE

Guidelines from Carole Micklus and the Odyssey of the Mind International Problem Captains with thanks to Tim Theis, who posed the questions 

What is Outside Assistance?

First, let's review the basics: Coaches have the responsibility to organize the team, to maintain order and discipline. They
may serve as a "secretary" to a team (no matter what division) as long as they write only what the team members say.
(However, for other official forms, coaches may write them out only for Division I teams.)

Coaches should always ask questions that get the team members to think about their solutions and how to improve them.
However, they may not ask questions in a leading way, e.g. "Don't you think it would be better to narrate your play, rather
than act it out?" The correct way to state the question would be, "What are some other ways you could present your play?"
By asking broad questions, the coach stimulates the team members to think. This is the heart of the Odyssey program.

Because coaches want to do their job, do it well, and never place a team in jeopardy due to their own misinterpretation of
what Outside Assistance is or isn't, Odyssey of the Mind Association was recently asked to clarify just what does and does not clarify
Outside Assistance in various scenarios. 

SCENARIO For a Division I team, A parent plugs in a power tool for one of the students as it is a
rule in their house that no children are allowed to plug in any appliance.

QUESTION Is it outside assistance (OA) for any non-team member to plug in a power tool that the
team uses to complete their solution to the problem?

ANSWER No, the only prohibition against this would be if it were done during the timed competition
period. The parent may not use the power tool to work on the problem solution.



SCENARIO A team decided they will revolve their skit around a CELL theme. The coach gives them
a homework assignment to come up with all of the words they could with CELL in them like
CELLophane, CELLular Phone, etc.

QUESTION Is it OA for a coach to give a homework assignment that gets the kids to think more
creatively about an initial idea that they came up with?

ANSWER Although the coach should not give any examples, the assignment is one of the types of
things the coach should do.



SCENARIO Judge stops team's performance in long term because the vehicle used is marking the
floor. Children are allowed to push. At end of performance parents standing outside the taped area
lift the car to spare the floor.

QUESTION Is it OA for any non-team member to help with props after the performance has ended?

ANSWER No, the only time the team may not have help with prop movement is during the timed
competition period. (You asked me to cite the pertaining rules -- I would ask where a rule exists that
prohibits this.)



SCENARIO Coach and two team members (nonparticipants) watching their teams performance of
long term solution.

QUESTION Is it outside assistance for one of the nonparticipating team members to point out to the
coach that the team forgot to use a prop?

ANSWER No, so long as none of the performers hear the remark.



SCENARIO Four of seven team members on a team in one Odyssey year build some backdrops for use in
their presentation. These same four are on a team the following year with three new members.

QUESTION Is it OA for the new team to use the backdrops built in the prior year? May a team use
props from a prior year in any situation without incurring an OA penalty?

ANSWER Props may be used from year to year as is ONLY if the team is of entirely the same
composition. -- That is , no new team members and none that are no longer on the team. The work
must be that of all the current team members regardless of when it was done.



SCENARIO Kids put 2 boards together perpendicularly (4th graders) with screws and nails, but it
keeps falling apart.

QUESTION Is it OA to ask an adult who is familiar with carpentry what kinds of things in carpentry
can be done to brace the boards? (Going on the principle that if it can be found with research, an
adult can tell them.)

ANSWER An adult can tell and show the team members various ways to brace the boards as long as
s/he does not show them specifically what to do for their problem solution.



SCENARIO Team members decide to narrate a good deal of the problem.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach ask them if they can think of other ways to tell a story, rather
than reading a piece of paper?

ANSWER This is part of coaching. The coach is not telling them the solution. S/he is only trying to
stimulate their thinking.



SCENARIO During check-in the coach hands the paperwork to the pre-staging judge.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to hand the paperwork to the pre-staging judge?

ANSWER Although it is always good to have the team members hand in the paperwork, their is no
prohibition against having the coach hand it to the judge.



SCENARIO As the team deliberates on what their solution will be, the coach asks questions to make
sure that their solution is well thought out.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to ask questions as the team is developing their solutions?

ANSWER NO--that's what a coach is for!!



SCENARIO A Division I team is spray painting a prop. 

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to hold a team member's for about 2 seconds (Out of a 30 minute
job) to help show the proper way to spray paint?

ANSWER Only if s/he is not spraying the item that will be used as part of the problem solution. S/he
must use a another item (perhaps a scrap piece of paper or wood) to give this lesson.



SCENARIO A Division I balsa wood team has a sheet of paper describing the order to put weights on
(smaller diameter first then larger, so as to allow hand grip space). Kids composed the form (came up
with the idea) but coach actually wrote it.

QUESTION Is it OA for a non-team member to write down the instructions used by team members
during their presentation? Is this any different than the coach completing the style form for Division
I?

ANSWER As long as the team members provided the information, it is okay for the coach to write it
out. -- It is NOT different from the rules for the style form.



SCENARIO A Division I team is brainstorming their solution.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to write down their ideas for later review?

ANSWER This is a good idea. The only rule surrounding this is that the coach may only write down
what the team members say.



SCENARIO A division I team needs to move a 4'x8' sheet of plywood from the garage to a workshop
area.

QUESTION Is it OA for a non-team member to move the plywood for them?

ANSWER No, this is OK



SCENARIO A team is working on a structure problem that can be reasonably broken into
sub-components. The coach devises and builds a testing apparatus that allows each of these
components to be tested.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to devise and build these testers?

ANSWER Yes, the team may use any types of devices to TEST their solutions.



[Editor Note. The above answer appears confusing saying that "Yes" it is OA, but follows saying it is
OK to use any types. There is a similar question later on that would imply this answer was meant to
say it is not OA and "Yes" the team may use these testers.]



SCENARIO A coach prepares a simple, generic demonstration of an engineering concept and that
concept is immediately applied by the kids into their structural design (i.e. a simple demonstration of
how a truss withstands lateral loads better than a frame).

QUESTION Does the presentation of an engineering concept represent OA in this circumstance?

ANSWER As stated yes. The coach would have to present several options of construction. S/he could
demonstrate how each fails, but the team members must draw their own conclusions.



SCENARIO If an "engineering practice" is interpreted by a coach to make it applicable to the
current problem (i.e. the engineering practice of material quality assurance could be translated into
inspecting and sorting balsa prior to it's use in a structure).

QUESTION Does the interpretation of HOW to apply general engineering practice to a problem
represent OA?

ANSWER No, not as described.



SCENARIO With proper training, it is possible to examine a structure and determine which element
failed first and why. 

QUESTION Is it OA for someone other than a team member to examine a failed structure and
provide this information for the team?

ANSWER This person may tell the team members what part failed; however, s/he can not tell the
team why it failed or what to do to keep it from failing in the future.



SCENARIO A team member tells the adult who is helping to stack weights that he is going to go
help resolve a problem with a prop. The adult verbally acknowledges that statement with the
affirmation "sure, go ahead".

QUESTION Does this represent OA?

ANSWER No. The team member has made the decision to do this. It would be outside assistance if
the adult said something like, "Weight placement is more important, just stay here and continue with
this" or if the adult initiated the conversation by telling the team member to go help with the prop.



SCENARIO A younger sibling has been following with interest the experiments, designs and "tricks
of the trade" of an older siblings team.

QUESTION Can the younger sibling adopt the many "lessons learned" from following an older
siblings team around for several years without incurring OA?

ANSWER This is OK to do as long as the younger sibling does not produce exact thematic copies.



SCENARIO A team is getting ready for spontaneous competition. The coach picks problems for them
to work that s/he thinks will be representative of the type they will get. The coach tells them whether
they made a good response or a bad one. The team is given constant, direct feedback on the quality or
lack of quality of their spontaneous solutions.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to prepare their team for spontaneous competition in this
manner?

ANSWER No, a good coach would always do this.



SCENARIO An Odyssey team wants to paint some props. There is some paint that was left over from last
year, but the colors were mixed by last year's team.

QUESTION Would it be outside assistance for a team to use something that was made by someone
else even though essentially the same thing could easily be bought by any team?

ANSWER This is not outside assistance as it is not the prop itself.



SCENARIO Kids get to WF and are uncrating their scenery and props (unscrewing the crates).

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to tell the team what order to do everything in (I know they can
help do it but does a team member have to tell the adult to do it?). Can the coach point out things
that broke and ask if the team is going to repair them? I don't know if it makes a difference, but this is
a Div 1 team.

ANSWER It is okay for the coach to tell the team what order to uncrate things. It is also okay for the
coach to point out things that broke and ask if the team wishes to try and repair them. However, from
that point on it is up to the team members to decide whether and how to make repairs. (This is true
for any division.)



SCENARIO Coach asks each team member to read one of the elements of the problem and explain
what it means.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach (Div 1) to write each element on a piece of paper and ask the team
to group the elements so that they now have a bubble diagram which organizes the elements? Once
the team organizes the elements, can the coach copy it down, make copies of it and distribute it to
each team member?

ANSWER (Any division) It is okay for the coach to write down the elements, ask the team to group
them and copy the grouping and distribute copies to the team members. The coach may not add or
change anything however.



SCENARIO Team is brainstorming about all the things that make you think of tropical islands.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to put those ideas on a flip board for everyone to see.

ANSWER This is okay provided the coach writes only the team members' words.



SCENARIO Team is creating the script (Div 1).

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to write down what they say so they can look at what they already
have? (3rd and 4th graders simply can't write, yet.)

ANSWER This is okay in any division provided the coach writes only the team members' words.



SCENARIO Div 1 team is reading the rule book and cannot figure out what will happen if they have
printed materials for the judges to read.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to help them figure out what the rule book is trying to tell them?
Is it OA if the kids ask what the coach thinks it means? Is it OA if the team asks the coach what s/he
would do if s/he were them?

ANSWER The coach should help them interpret the rule book. The coach may tell the team what
s/he thinks it means. The coach cannot tell the team members what s/he would do unless the answer
is "write for a problem clarification." However, s/he should encourage the team to think about what it
means first.



SCENARIO Div 1 team has decided to use what they think is tasteful bathroom humor in their skit.
The coach has made sure everyone is aware of the rule about vulgarity.

QUESTION The team doesn't think it's vulgar but does not have a clue what adults think is vulgar
(TV examples abound in the arguments as examples of what adults think is acceptable). Is it OA for
them to tell other adults what their jokes are and ask if they think it's vulgar?

ANSWER No, this is okay to do.



SCENARIO The performance has been taped. Four kids think they need to schedule an extra
practice; 3 think they do not. (Performance cannot be done with just 4.)

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to make the decision? Is it OA for the coach to say 'majority rules'?
Is it OA for the coach to say they must come to a consensus (meaning every person but 1 must agree)?

ANSWER It is up to the coach to make the decision or to decide on how the decision is to be made.
Practice schedules are entirely within the coaches purview.



SCENARIO Team is at competition. They have composed the paperwork (Div 1) but coach has
prepared it.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to carry the paperwork on competition day? Is it OA for the coach
to hand the paperwork to the judge? Is it OA if the coach asks how the team intends to organize the
paperwork so they can find it to give it to the judge?

ANSWER Although it is always good to have the team members hand in the paperwork, their is no
prohibition against having the coach carry it and hand it to the judge. The coach may ask the team
how it will organize its paperwork.



SCENARIO Div 1 team is having major problems figuring out how to keep track of information for
their cost form.

QUESTION Can the coach ask what information they are trying to track, how best to track it and
then prepare some sheets for them to use to write down all the information as they go? (Somewhat
like the advanced coaches workbook forms)

ANSWER Yes, the coach may do this.



SCENARIO A goal for a team was to learn to take a complex problem apart, test each component in
a controlled manner and then reintegrate the resulting solution and validate that it performed as
expected.

QUESTION Is it OA for the coach to encourage the kids to approach the problem this way? Is it OA
to build jigs or testers to facilitate testing the alternatives they come up with for their
sub-components?

ANSWER The coach may encourage the kids to approach the problem in this way and s/he may
make any TESTERS needed. However, s/he may not make jigs as they are construction aids.



SCENARIO It is summer time and the short version of next years problems have been published,
but the full version has not been published.

QUESTION Are there any limitations on what a Coach can or can not do with regard to OA?

ANSWER No--The rules are the rules all year.



SCENARIO A team observed another team dressed up in chicken costumes that did very well. the
next year the team decided to dress up as chickens.

QUESTION Is it OA (NOT creative) to observe successful performances in one year and copy facets
of it in the next?

ANSWER No, it is not Outside Assistance.



SCENARIO A local group of several different Odyssey teams are convened for the purpose of practicing
spontaneous problems. The coach of each team has prepared a different spontaneous problem to give
to each of the teams.

QUESTION Are the coaches in this instance providing OA? If not, and the coaches score the teams,
is this OA? If not, and the scores are provided back to the teams, is this OA?

ANSWER None of these circumstances is outside assistance.



SCENARIO Same as above, but the purpose is to practice each team's long term solutions and
present them to all of the other teams.

QUESTION As described, is anyone in this instance providing OA? If not, and the teams are scored,
is this OA? If not, and the scores are provided back to the teams, is this OA?

ANSWER The teams may present their solutions to each other and my be scored. The may be given
their numeric scores but may not be given verbal comments. (Verbal comment would tend to give the
team more specific direction in not only what category should be improved (indicated by the score),
but what specific items or changes should be made (e.g. "Costumes were colorful, but all were alike so
little creativity was exhibited")



For general information: The only outside assistance possible in spontaneous is if, during the
competition, one of the non-participating team members joins in to help the team members who are
doing spontaneous. (Or if someone obtained a copy of the problem(s) in advance and gave them to a
competing team.)

You asked me to cite the rules that apply, but most of these instances are allowed and there are no
rules that pertain (which is why they are allowed). Somewhere, somehow, someone has come up with
what appears to be a very confining interpretation of outside assistance. A coach is supposed to help
the team members to grow. This means providing a good environment, maintaining discipline, and
stimulating thinking.

You also asked what the penalties would be. Here is how an outside assistance penalty should be
considered: first, you must consider the amount of outside assistance given. for example, in your
scenario where the coach holds a team member's hand for 2 seconds out of 30 minutes to show how to
spray pain, if this is done while painting the prop, then a very small outside assistance penalty
should be given. -- The question the judge should ask is, "If the coach did not help spray this part of
the prop, would my score have changed? how much did it help the team?" -- the assumption is made
that if the coach did not spray that part, s/he would have taught the team member to spray paint
using another item. The answer to the question is obviously that the score would not have changed or
not have changed significantly. If the coach helped paint the entire prop, a larger penalty would be
assessed. If the coach made the entire prop, a larger penalty. and, if the coach had the idea for the
prop as well as made it, an even larger penalty. 

However, there is a second consideration. How much is the prop worth to the team? If the team did
not have this prop, what difference would it have made? For example, assume the coach designs and
makes an elaborate background set for the team. The team is in the structure problem and the set is
one of the free choice style categories. The most points that the team can earn for this set is 10 plus
whatever of the 10 overall effect points might add. -- In no case more than 20 points total. therefore
the penalty should not be the maximum. However, suppose that the team is in the Classics problem.
The set is paramount to the play. It sets is the focal point for the performance. The penalty should be
much greater. In the first instance , the structure problem, the judge should say to him/herself, "If I
give this amount of penalty for a style item, what penalty would I give if the coach designed and
made the structure?" This obviously would be a maximum penalty since it is the whole long-term
problem solution.

Remember: A coach helps the team members to grow. This means providing a good environment,
maintaining discipline, and stimulating - not influencing - its thinking.